Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Emerade
Twinject
Sensorcaine Mpf
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Prime Asthma Relief
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Orabloc 1:200,000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Auvi-Q
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Medihaler-Epi
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Posicaine N
Octocaine 50
Neffy
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
D-Care 100X
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Ephinephrine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine with epinephrine
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Gingi-pak Pellets
Adrenalin(r)
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Adyphren II Kit
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
EpinephrineSnap-V
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Zorcaine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Anapen
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Sensorcaine
Adrenalin
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Anapen Junior
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Primatene Mist
Septanest N
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Septanest Sp
EpiPen Jr
LIDOCAINE HCl
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
EPY Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidocaine Hci
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Epinephrine Injection
Primatene Mist Refill
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Vivacaine
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Epipen Jr
Adrenaclick
Lignospan Forte
Adyphren Kit
Adrenalin Vials
Articaine
The Solution
Ultracaine DS Inj
Allerject
Ultacan
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Epinephrine Professional
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Minnerva II
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Epipen
Lidosite
Xylocaine MPF
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Posicaine Sp
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Octocaine 100
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Taroclick Epinephrine
Orabloc
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Lidocaine
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Epinephrine Injection USP
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Marcaine
Sensorcaine Forte
Xylocaine
Numquick Analgesic
Leep RediKit
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Orostat 8%
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
EpiPen
Epinephrinesnap-V
Lignospan Standard
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Marcaine E
Articadent
Vasocaine
Lixtraxen 1%
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Epinephrine
Pro Numb
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Zone 2
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Symjepi
Dysne Inhal
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Orabloc 1:100,000
Ultacan Forte
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Numquick Topical Analgesic
QKit Procedure Tray
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Septocaine
EPY II Kit
Ana-kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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