Trans-aconitate decarboxylase 1

UniProtKB accession:  A0A0U2UYC4

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UniProtKB description:  Trans-aconitate decarboxylase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of itaconic acid and 2-hydroxyparaconate (PubMed:26639528, PubMed:27750034). Cis-aconitate is secreted by the mitochondrial tricarboxylate transporter MTT1. In the cytosol cis-aconitate is converted into trans-aconitate via isomerization by the aconitate-delta-isomerase ADI1 (PubMed:26639528). Decarboxylation of trans-aconitate by the trans-aconitate decarboxylase TAD1 then leads then to the production of itaconic acid (PubMed:26639528). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP3 further converts itaconate to 2-hydroxyparaconate via oxidation of the double bond, leading to a transient epoxide, which can subsequently be lactonized to produce 2-hydroxyparaconate (PubMed:27750034). Secretion of itaconate and possibly 2-hydroxyparaconate into the medium is mediated by the major facilitator ITP1 (PubMed:26639528, PubMed:27750034). The glyoxalase domain-containing protein RDO1 is not involved in the biosynthesis of itaconate and 2-hydroxyparaconate, however, it might play a role in the further conversion of 2-hydroxyparaconate to itatartarate (PubMed:27750034).